Results from a review of laboratory and field studies on the effects of goal setting on
performance show that in 90% of the studies, specific and challenging goals led to higher …

Studies of employee turnover are reviewed using meta-analytic techniques. The findings
indicate that almost all of the 26 variables studied relate to turnover. The findings also …

Growing disillusionment among new members of organizations has been traced to
inadequacies in approaches to organizational entry. Current directions of research on …

It is written for undergraduate and graduate students, and for practitioners who are
concerned with needs assessment, systematic development, and thoughtful evaluation of …

Training and development research has a long tradition within applied psychology dating
back to the early 1900s. Over the years, not only has interest in the topic grown but there …

Discusses mediation relations in causal terms. Influences of an antecedent are transmitted
to a consequence through an intervening mediator. Mediation relations may assume a …

Presents a theoretical framework for understanding age-related differences in work attitudes
and behavior. Based on a review of more than 185 research studies, age-related differences …

This meta-analysis integrates the correlations of 77 studies on VH Vroom's (1964) original
expectancy models and work-related criteria. Correlations referring to predictions with the …

Unlike earlier tests of an oversimplified version of this model, the validity of W. Mobley's
(1977, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 237–240) original turnover model was fully …

Expectancy theory's first major appearance in the organizational psychology literature was
presented in 1964 in Vic Vroom's book, Work and Motivation. Building on some earlier work …