In the vertebrate retina, rods and cones both detect light, but they differ in functional aspects
such as light sensitivity and temporal resolution, and in some cell biological aspects. For …

The continuous function of vertebrate photoreceptors requires regeneration of their visual
pigment following its destruction upon activation by light (photobleaching). For rods, the …

Retinal rods and cones underlie scotopic and photopic vision, respectively. Their pigments
exhibit spontaneous isomerizations (quantal noise) in darkness due to intrinsic thermal …

Vertebrates use cone cells in the retina for color vision and rod cells to see in dim light. Many
deep-sea fishes have adapted to their environment to have only rod cells in the retina, while …

Light is one of the strongest cues for entrainment of circadian clocks. While some insect
species rely only on visual input, others like Drosophila melanogaster use both the visual …

G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is ubiquitous. As an archetype of this
signaling motif, rod phototransduction has provided many fundamental, quantitative details …

Vision starts in rod and cone photoreceptors at the back of the eye when they absorb
photons and convert them into electrical signals. The exquisite sensitivity of rods subserves …

Light is one of the strongest cues for entrainment of circadian clocks in most organisms.
Previous work in Drosophila melanogaster (dm) has shown that entrainment relies on both …