We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes
revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli. The hierarchy intertwines …

Pressures between 10 and 100 MPa can exert powerful effects on the growth and viability of
organisms. Here I describe the effects of elevated pressure in this range on mesophilic …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract provides a complex and competitive environment for
the microbiota. Successful colonization by pathogens requires scavenging nutrients …

Quorum-sensing bacteria communicate with extracellular signal molecules called
autoinducers. This process allows community-wide synchronization of gene expression. A …

The σ54 promoters are unique in prokaryotic genome and responsible for transcripting
carbon and nitrogen-related genes. With the avalanche of genome sequences generated in …

Bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bEBPs) are transcriptional activators that assemble as
hexameric rings in their active forms and utilize ATP hydrolysis to remodel the conformation …

Azotobacter vinelandii is a soil bacterium related to the Pseudomonas genus that fixes
nitrogen under aerobic conditions while simultaneously protecting nitrogenase from oxygen …

The initiation of transcription is a complex process involving many different steps. These
steps are all potential control points for regulating gene expression, and many have been …

Assimilation of nitrogen is an essential process in bacteria. The nitrogen regulation stress
response is an adaptive mechanism used by nitrogen-starved Escherichia coli to scavenge …

Motivation Promoters are short DNA consensus sequences that are localized proximal to the
transcription start sites of genes, allowing transcription initiation of particular genes …