Most cancer-associated deaths occur due to metastasis, yet our understanding of metastasis
as an evolving, heterogeneous, systemic disease and of how to effectively treat it is still …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems are transient but essential molecules
that are generated and eliminated by a complex set of delicately balanced molecular …

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel
to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide …

CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

Lactate has long been considered a cellular waste product. However, we found that as
extracellular lactate accumulates, it also enters the mitochondrial matrix and stimulates …

Taking the significance of the special microenvironment for tumor cell survival into account,
disrupting tumor redox homeostasis is highly prospective for improving therapeutic efficacy …

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer is not only a biological hallmark but also reveals
treatment vulnerabilities. Numerous metabolic molecules have shown promise as treatment …

A long-standing question in cancer biology has been why oxygenated tumors ferment the
majority of glucose they consume to lactate rather than oxidizing it in their mitochondria, a …

Mitochondria serve a crucial role in cell growth and proliferation by supporting both ATP
synthesis and the production of macromolecular precursors. Whereas oxidative …

Cancer cells frequently display intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemically diverse
anticancer drugs, limiting therapeutic success. Among the main mechanisms of this …