When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction,
the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the …

Trait‐based approaches have improved our understanding of plant evolution, community
assembly and ecosystem functioning. A major challenge for the upcoming decades is to …

Vegetation phenology is highly sensitive to climate change. Phenology also controls many
feedbacks of vegetation to the climate system by influencing the seasonality of albedo …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

Seed persistence is the survival of seeds in the environment once they have reached
maturity. Seed persistence allows a species, population or genotype to survive long after the …

At the core of plant regeneration, temperature and water supply are critical drivers for seed
dormancy (initiation, break) and germination. Hence, global climate change is altering these …

Analyses of functional traits have become fundamental tools for understanding patterns and
processes in plant community ecology. In this context, regenerative seed traits play an …

Germination behavior is one of the earliest phenotypes expressed by plants. This fact has
several consequences for the evolution of postgermination traits, ecological niches, and …

Phenology affects nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Virtually all biological
phenomena—from individual physiology to interspecific relationships to global nutrient …

In bet hedging, organisms sacrifice short‐term success to reduce the long‐term variance in
success. Delayed germination is the classic example of bet hedging, in which a fraction of …