Background Heatwaves have received major attention globally due to their detrimental
effects on human health and the environment. The frequency, duration, and severity of …

Reflected in the growing body of literature, urban heat mitigation is increasingly relevant as
cities experience extreme heat, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanisation. Most …

Urban trees ameliorate heat stress for urban dwellers. However, it is difficult to quantitatively
assess the integrated impacts of tree planting and street layouts on visual and thermal …

Urbanisation has changed local meteorological conditions worldwide. The physical features
of outdoor spaces are critical in determining outdoor thermal comfort through changes in …

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and
compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change. Yet …

Nature-based solutions (NBS) such as green (vegetation) and blue (waterbodies)
infrastructure are being promoted as cost-effective and sustainable strategies for managing …

The growing interest in energy savings and environmental sustainability in buildings has led
to green buildings and green façades being considered as innovative solutions. This paper …

Evapotranspiration is an important cooling mechanism in urban green space (UGS).
Irrigating vegetated surfaces with potable water, collected stormwater or recycled sewage …

CONTEXT Coffee cultivation is important to Brazil's economy, positioning the country as a
global leader in production and export. Given the complex environmental and management …

Backyards play important roles for individual households because they provide a private
and safe green space for social and environmental interactions, relaxation, gardening and …