Assessing mitochondrial dysfunction requires definition of the dysfunction to be investigated.
Usually, it is the ability of the mitochondria to make ATP appropriately in response to energy …

Microsensor systems for cell metabolism are essential tools for investigation and
standardization in cell culture. Electrochemical and optical read-out schemes dominate …

In aerobic process oxygen must be continuously supplied in order to achieve acceptable
productivities, Since the role of oxygen in microorganism growth and its metabolism is of …

The discovery of oxygen is considered by some to be the most important scientific discovery
of all time—from both physical–chemical/astrophysics and biology/evolution viewpoints. One …

Cell-based therapies have generated great interest in the scientific and medical
communities, and stem cells in particular are very appealing for regenerative medicine, drug …

Tissue engineering of sizeable cell-scaffold constructs is limited by gradients in tissue
quality from the periphery toward the center. Because homogenous delivery of oxygen to …

Fed-batch cultures are extensively used for the production of therapeutic proteins. However,
process optimization is hampered by lack of quantitative models of mammalian cellular …

Microfluidic bioreactors fabricated from highly gas-permeable poly (dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS
) materials have been observed, somewhat unexpectedly, to give rise to heterogeneous …

Mammalian cells in bioreactors as production host are the focus of this review. We wish to
briefly describe today's technical status and to highlight emerging trends in the manufacture …

The purpose of this review is to describe the current status and to highlight several emerging
trends in the manufacture of recombinant therapeutic proteins in cultivated mammalian cells …