Radar sounding is a powerful geophysical approach for characterizing the subsurface
conditions of terrestrial and planetary ice masses at local to global scales. As a result, a wide …

Ice shelves, which regulate ice flow from the Antarctic ice sheet towards the ocean, are
shaped by spatiotemporal patterns of surface accumulation, surface/basal melt and ice …

Surface melt produces more mass loss than any other process on the Greenland Ice Sheet.
In some regions of Greenland with high summer surface melt and high winter snow …

Ice-penetrating radar systems are critical instruments for observing the subsurface
conditions on Earth's ice sheets. Traditionally, ice-penetrating radars have not been widely …

Geology and bed topography influence how ice sheets respond to climate change. Despite
the West Antarctic Ice Sheet's capacity to retreat and advance quickly over its over …

Ice streams are warmed by shear strain, both vertical shear near the bed and lateral shear at
the margins. Warm ice deforms more easily, establishing a positive feedback loop in an ice …

The airborne ice-penetrating radar (IPR) is an effective method used for ice sheet
exploration and is widely applied for detecting the internal structures of ice sheets and for …

Radio-echo sounding (RES) is widely used for polar ice sheet detection due to its wide
coverage and high efficiency. The multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) …

All radar power interpretations require a correction for attenuative losses. Moreover, radar
attenuation is a proxy for ice-column properties, such as temperature and chemistry. Prior …

The orientation of ice crystals within large ice masses has a strong influence on their
mechanical properties, but cannot be directly observed from the surface. The bulk …