We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification,
deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all …

The oceans play a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, providing a sink for
atmospheric carbon. Key to this role is the vertical transport of organic carbon from the …

Climate change may impact ocean ecosystems through a number of mechanisms, including
shifts in primary productivity or plankton community structure, ocean acidification, and …

Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA
research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation …

Abstract Models and proxy data suggest multi-centennial nutrient reorganization and
biological productivity changes under sustained climate warming. These changes have …

Abstract The International Ocean Model Benchmarking (IOMB) software package is a new
community resource that we use here to evaluate surface and upper ocean biogeochemical …

We use two coupled climate models, GFDL‐CM4 and GFDL‐ESM4, to investigate the
physical response of the Southern Ocean to changes in surface wind stress, Antarctic …

Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon in surface waters and
provides buffering capacity towards the associated acidification. However, unlike dissolved …

Marine and terrestrial biogeochemical models are key components of the Earth System
Models (ESMs) used to project future environmental changes. However, their slow …