Angiosperms and their flowers have greatly diversified into an overwhelming array of forms
in the past 135 million years. Diversification was shaped by changes in climate and the …

The gynoecium, which is produced at the center of most flowers, is the female reproductive
organ and consists of one or more carpels. The Arabidopsis gynoecium consists of two …

Increasingly robust understanding of angiosperm phylogeny allows more secure
reconstruction of the flower in the most recent common ancestor of extant angiosperms and …

Over the past 25 years, discoveries of Early Cretaceous fossil flowers, often associated with
pollen and sometimes with vegetative parts, have revolutionized our understanding of the …

In basal angiosperms (including ANITA grade, magnoliids, Choranthaceae,
Ceratophyllaceae) almost all bisexual flowers are dichogamous (with male and female …

Premise Significant paleobotanical discoveries in recent decades have considerably
improved our understanding of the early evolution of angiosperms and their flowers …

Carpels and ovules have been differently interpreted over the past two centuries. In this
review, some of these interpretations are highlighted, with particular emphasis on the current …

Almost all angiosperms are angiospermous, ie the ovules are enclosed in carpels at
anthesis and during seed development, but angiospermy develops in different ways across …

The appearance of the flower marks a key event in the evolutionary history of plants. Among
the four types of floral organs, the gynoecium represents the major adaptive advantage of …

Most angiosperms have gynoecia with two to five carpels. However, more than five carpels
(here termed 'multicarpellate condition') are present in some representatives of all larger …