Introduction Protective and destructive immunoreactions take place simultaneously in apical
periodontitis. However, the same reactions defending the periapical area from infection …

Objectives This review article discusses the host response in apical periodontitis with the
main focus on cytokines, produced under this pathological condition and contributing to the …

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a dental-driven condition caused by pathogens and their toxins
infecting the inner portion of the tooth (ie., dental pulp tissue), resulting in inflammation and …

Introduction: Periapical chronic lesion formation involves activation of the immune response
and alveolar bone resorption around the tooth apex. However, the overall roles of T helper …

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are
expressed in apical periodontitis, suggesting a role for these molecules during lesion …

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 250–256 Background: Periapical lesions are a host response
that involves immune reaction to prevent dissemination of bacteria from an infected root …

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the expression of nuclear factor κB
(RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in odontogenic epithelial …

Butyric acid as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor is produced by a number of
periodontal and root canal microorganisms (such as Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, etc.) …

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the expression of matrix
metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and-9 (MMP-9) during apical periodontitis development …

To investigate the impact of hypoxia on the expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand
(RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro …