Photobiomodulation is a term for using low-power red to near-infrared light to stimulate a
variety of positive biological effects. Though the scientific and clinical acceptance of PBM as …

Significance: Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to the beneficial effects of low-energy light
absorption. Although there is a large body of literature describing downstream physiological …

Emerging applications in areas such as bioinformatics, data analytics, semantic databases
and knowledge discovery employ datasets from tens to hundreds of terabytes. Currently …

We measured threshold temperatures for cell death resulting from short (0.1–1.0 s) 514-nm
laser exposures using an in vitro retinal model. Real-time thermal imaging at sub-cellular …

In this chapter, a temperature metric is introduced that can be used to indicate when cells
undergo irreversible damage and die. Examples provided show how this metric inherently …

Computational models predicting cell damage responses to transient temperature rises
generated by exposure to lasers have implemented the damage integral (Ω), which time …

Melanosomes are long lived organelles in retinal pigment epithelium cells and are primarily
responsible for photoprotection. However, with aging or prolong light radiation, the function …

We use laser damage thresholds in an in-vitro retinal model, and computational simulations
to examine the laser exposure durations at which damage transitions from photothermal to …

Correlating damage outcomes to a retinal laser exposure is critical for diagnosis and
choosing appropriate treatment modalities. Therefore, it is important to understand the …

Even though laser exposures of 1 s or less are non-isothermal events, researchers have had
to rely upon the isothermal treatise of Arrhenius to describe the laser damage rate …