Credit assignment is the association of specific instances of reward to the specific events,
such as a particular choice, that caused them. Without credit assignment, choice values …

Staying engaged is necessary to maintain goal-directed behaviors. Despite this,
engagement exhibits continuous, intrinsic fluctuations. Even in experimental settings …

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum (STR) contain neurons encoding not only the
expected values of actions, but also the value of stimulus features irrespective of actions …

Brain stimulation is a core method in neuroscience. Numerous non-invasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) techniques are currently in use in basic and clinical research, and recent …

Humans have the remarkable cognitive capacity to rapidly adapt to changing environments.
Central to this capacity is the ability to form high-level, abstract representations that take …

Hemodynamic activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) correlates with conflict,
suggesting it contributes to conflict processing. This correlation could be explained by …

In the present investigation, we examined the role of different cortical fields in the fronto-
parietal reaching and gras** network in awake, behaving macaque monkeys. This …

Background: Cognitive fatigue is one of the most pervasive yet least understood symptoms
in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The current study examined whether the effort …

Task switching is a behavioral phenomenon that serves as a tool for assessment of
individual cognitive abilities that becomes especially essential in our multitasking milieu …