The first generation of stars, often called Population III (or Pop III), form from metal-free
primordial gas at redshifts z∼ 30 and below. They dominate the cosmic star-formation …

Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations
(BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-α forest tracers from the first year of observations from …

We present cosmological constraints from a gravitational lensing mass map covering 9400
deg 2 reconstructed from measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) made …

We present a sample-variance-limited measurement of the temperature power spectrum
(TT) of the cosmic microwave background using observations of a∼ 1500 deg 2 field made …

The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-
messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

Despite the remarkable success of the Λ Cold Dark Matter (Λ CDM) cosmological model, a
growing discrepancy has emerged (currently measured at the level of∼ 4− 6 σ) between the …

The simplest ΛCDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but
harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvement of the number …

The recently released data by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations present strong
evidence for a stochastic signal consistent with a gravitational-wave background. Assuming …