This article describes the bipolar spectrum in a historical32 and conceptual context, 2 then
provides clinical descriptions for subtypes within this spectrum. Through case material, the …

Until recently it was believed that no more than 1% of the general population has bipolar
disorder. Emerging transatlantic data are beginning to provide converging evidence for a …

The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual's unique
physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in …

OBJECTIVE: The authors suggest criteria for a range of narrow to broad phenotypes of
bipolar disorder in children, differentiated according to the characteristics of the manic or …

Background: Given the therapeutic and prognostic importance of the unipolar-bipolar
dichotomy, predicting which patients will become bipolar subsequent to index diagnosis of …

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, clinical
characteristics, and mental health treatment services utilization of adolescents with bipolar …

We review the history of bipolar disorders from the classical Greek period to DSM-IV.
Perhaps the first person who described mania and melancholia as two different …

Background: Previous studies have suggested that bipolar disorder may be
underdiagnosed, and that antidepressants may be over-utilized in its treatment. Methods …

Objectives. These guidelines are based on a first edition that was published in 2002, and
have been edited and updated with the available scientific evidence until September 2009 …

Based on the author's work and that of collaborators, as well as other contemporaneous
research, this article reaffirms the existence of a broad bipolar spectrum between the …