Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate
extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical …

Freshwater is a vital resource for both ecosystem health and human survival, and it is the
natural resource that is the most extracted at the global level. Excessive freshwater …

Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally,, yet their
impacts are still increasing. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is …

Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity—where water
demand exceeds availability—for the world's cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity …

Climate change threatens the health and survival of urban trees and the various benefits
they deliver to urban inhabitants. Here, we show that 56% and 65% of species in 164 cities …

While climate change will alter the distribution of water in time and space, quantifications of
drought risk under global warming remain uncertain. Here, we show that in Europe, drought …

Central and South America (CSA) is a highly diverse region, both culturally and biologically.
It has one of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet (Hoorn et al., 2010; Zador et al …

Exceptional drought events, known as megadroughts, have occurred on every continent
outside Antarctica over the past~ 2,000 years, causing major ecological and societal …

Extreme weather and climate events and their impacts can occur in complex combinations,
an interaction shaped by physical drivers and societal forces. In these situations …

Traditional, mainstream definitions of drought describe it as deficit in water‐related variables
or water‐dependent activities (eg, precipitation, soil moisture, surface and groundwater …