The hologenome concept of evolution postulates that the holobiont (host plus symbionts)
with its hologenome (host genome plus microbiome) is a level of selection in evolution …

The integration of research from developmental biology and ecology into evolutionary theory
has given rise to a relatively new field, ecological evolutionary developmental biology (Eco …

Covering: through 2014 Many organisms team up with microbes for defense against
predators, parasites, parasitoids, or pathogens. Here we review the described protective …

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are traditionally known to sense microbial molecules
during infection to initiate inflammatory responses. However, ligands for PRRs are not …

Zooxanthellate corals (ie those harbouring Symbiodinium) are the main builders of the
world's shallow‐water marine coral reefs. They represent intimate diverse symbioses …

In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the
Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels, which …

Animals are colonized by coevolved bacterial communities, which contribute to the host's
health. This commensal microbiota is often highly specific to its host-species, inferring strong …

Epithelial surfaces of most animals are colonized by diverse microbial communities.
Although it is generally agreed that commensal bacteria can serve beneficial functions, the …

The environment has a strong influence on a population's evolutionary dynamics. Driven by
both intrinsic and external factors, the environment is subject to continual change in nature …

Ecologists have long studied primary succession, the changes that occur in biological
communities after initial colonization of an environment. Most of this work has focused on …