Measurement uncertainty is a key component in the overall uncertainty calculation for
Measurement and Verification (M&V) projects. However, in some cases, it is reduced to …

In the US, heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the largest
consumers of electrical energy and a major contributor to peak demand. To reduce both …

The increased generation of electricity from renewable energy sources may imply issues in
the management of national electric systems, due to the low predictability of electricity …

Abstract Time-of-use (TOU) pricing serves as a cost-effective way to realize electricity
demand response, which aims at relieving peak demand. Customer participation is critical to …

This report focuses on shedding and shifting services because these represent both the
greatest near-term market opportunity and the most natural fit for large building loads. For …

Buildings are candidates for providing flexible demand due to their high consumption and
inherent thermal inertia. In the future, flexible demand side reserves may also help to relax …

Large commercial HVAC systems are attractive targets for fast demand response (DR)
applications, eg, integrating time-intermittent renewable generation. By leveraging the …

This paper proposes a cooperative demand response (CDR) scheme for load management
in smart grid. The CDR scheme is formulated as a constrained optimization problem that …

Pressure on ancillary reserves, ie frequency preserving, in power systems has significantly
mounted due to the recent generalized increase of the fraction of (highly fluctuating) wind …

More than 80% of energy is consumed during operation phase of a building's life cycle, so
energy efficiency retrofit for existing buildings is considered a promising way to reduce …