The prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is rising, especially in recreational
sports and the general population. While body image significantly influences AAS use …

This article sets out to investigate the marketing of image and performance enhancing drugs
(IPEDs) on the social media platforms Facebook and Instagram. Drawing upon a …

Research has documented the harms associated with performance and image enhancing
drug (PIED) use and lack of disclosure of use to healthcare providers (HCPs). Given that the …

This book is about gym culture, the pursuit of fit, muscular bodies and the use of drugs as a
means to get there. Building on the international research literature and in-depth interviews …

Background Current attempts to prevent do** through deterrence and education have had
limited success and have been constrained to one country. Targeting psychological …

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the World Anti-Do** Agency's e-
learning programme for anti-do** education on knowledge of, explicit and implicit …

Abstract Background Healthcare professionals (HCPs) provide an important point of contact
through which people who use performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) could …

Youth is characterized by testing and crossing natural boundaries, sometimes with the help
of performance-enhancing substances. In this context, do** prevention measures play a …

Policies and approaches addressing image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use in
the gym and fitness context, also known as fitness do**, vary widely by country. Fitness …

Background The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and associated image and
performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) is now a global phenomenon. There is a need to …