Photovoltaic (PV) systems are popular for their reliability and zero fuel costs. However, only
around 20% of solar energy is converted into electricity, while the remainder is dissipated as …

Recently, the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has drawn significant attention due to its
diverse merits and its applicability to a wide range of medium to high-power applications …

A new controller based on a fractional-order synergetic controller (FOSC) is proposed for a
three-level T-type inverter using a shunt active power filter (SAPF). The SAPF is designed to …

The paper addresses the ongoing and continuous interest in photovoltaic energy systems
(PESs). In this context, the study focuses on an isolated photovoltaic system with hybrid …

The optimal operation of any electrical power system is considered a crucial aspect in
modern day optimization. The optimal power flow problem is widely known as an effective …

Solar Energy has been highly attractive in recent decades due to its reliability and zero-net
fuel, leading to its participation in clean electricity production. Its substantial expansion has …

The operation of photovoltaic (PV) panels in partial shade (PS) conditions (PSCs) lowers the
quantity of energy generated due to the hot spots that increase the power loss. In this …

The rising interest in hybrid alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) microgrids among
the global research community can be attributed to the widespread adoption of distributed …

Photovoltaic (PV) systems contribute significantly to renewable energy generation, but their
efficiency and reliability are often hindered by environmental conditions, thermal …

Due to the intermittent and uncertain nature of photovoltaic systems, their incorporation
within a DC microgrid presents a challenge to primary control, which directly interfaces with …