Fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems have entered the stage of commercial
deployment, providing users with new services, improved user experiences as well as a host …

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an excellent complementary solution to its radio
frequency (RF) counterpart. OWC technologies have been demonstrated to be able to …

After about a decade of intense research, spurred by both economic and operational
considerations, and by environmental concerns, energy efficiency has now become a key …

In order to tackle the rapidly growing number of mobile devices and their expanding
demands for Internet services, network convergence is envisaged to integrate different …

Visible light communication (VLC) is a new paradigm that could revolutionise the future of
wireless communication. In VLC, information is transmitted through modulating the visible …

The evolving explosion in high data rate services and applications will soon require the use
of untapped, abundant unregulated spectrum of the visible light for communications to …

The enhanced proliferation of connected entities needs a deployment of innovative
technologies for the next generation wireless networks. One of the critical concerns …

LiFi is networked, bidirectional wireless communication with light. It is used to connect fixed
and mobile devices at very high data rates by harnessing the visible light and infrared …

This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO)
communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the …

The expectation for communication systems beyond 5G/6G is to provide high reliability, high
throughput, low latency, and high energy efficiency services. The integration between …