Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have
indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale …

Extratropical cyclones are storm systems that are observed to travel preferentially within
confined regions known as storm tracks. They contribute to precipitation, wind and …

The representation of the winter and summer extratropical storm tracks in both hemispheres
is evaluated in detail for the available models in phase 6 of the Coupled Model …

Rossby wave packets (RWPs) are Rossby waves for which the amplitude has a local
maximum and decays to smaller values at larger distances. This review focuses on upper …

Zonal-mean or basin-mean analyses often conclude that the midlatitude circulation will
undergo a poleward shift with global warming. In this study, the models from phase 5 of the …

We have created a performance-based assessment of CMIP6 models for Europe that can be
used to inform the sub-selection of models for this region. Our assessment covers criteria …

Abstract Purpose of Review Stationary waves are planetary-scale longitudinal variations in
the time-averaged atmospheric circulation. Here, we consider the projected response of …

Parameters in climate models are usually calibrated manually, exploiting only small subsets
of the available data. This precludes both optimal calibration and quantification of …

Mountains significantly influence weather and climate on Earth, including disturbed surface
winds; altered distribution of precipitation; gravity waves reaching the upper atmosphere; …

The recent discoveries of terrestrial exoplanets and super-Earths extending over a broad
range of orbital and physical parameters suggest that these planets will span a wide range …