Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least
because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

At least 10,000 virus species have the ability to infect humans but, at present, the vast
majority are circulating silently in wild mammals 1, 2. However, changes in climate and land …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

The global ocean has warmed substantially over the past century, with far-reaching
implications for marine ecosystems. Concurrent with long-term persistent warming, discrete …

Human activities, especially conversion and degradation of habitats, are causing global
biodiversity declines. How local ecological assemblages are responding is less clear—a …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Tens of thousands of species are threatened with extinction as a result of human activities.
Here we explore how the extinction risks of terrestrial mammals and birds might change in …