Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules
has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes …

The discovery of light-inducible protein–protein interactions has allowed for the spatial and
temporal control of a variety of biological processes. To be effective, a photodimerizer …

Optogenetic methods take advantage of photoswitches to control the activity of cellular
proteins. Here, we completed a multi-directional engineering of the fungal photoreceptor …

Chromophore cis/trans photoisomerization is a fundamental process in chemistry and in the
activation of many photosensitive proteins. A major task is understanding the effect of the …

Sensory photoreceptors underpin light-dependent adaptations of organismal physiology,
development, and behavior in nature. Adapted for optogenetics, sensory photoreceptors …

The light-based control of ion channels has been transformative for the neurosciences, but
the optogenetic toolkit does not stop there. An expanding number of proteins and cellular …

E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions are dynamically and locally regulated in many
essential processes, including embryogenesis, wound healing and tissue organization, with …

A universal gain-of-function approach for selective and temporal control of protein activity in
living systems is crucial to understanding dynamic cellular processes. Here we report …

A growing number of optogenetic tools have been developed to reversibly control binding
between two engineered protein domains. In contrast, relatively few tools confer light …