Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

Anisotropy is the characteristic of a material to exhibit variations in its mechanical, electrical,
thermal, optical properties, etc. along different directions. Anisotropic materials have …

The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction is regarded as quite a useful strategy in organic and
macromolecular syntheses. The reversibility of this reaction and the advent of self-repair …

The 3D printing method, alternatively known as additive manufacturing (AM), is promising for
rapid tooling and layered micromanufacturing. However, significant fundamental research …

Fused filament fabrication (FFF), one of the most promising additive manufacturing (AM)
methods has attracted considerable attention to date. Although FFF is evolving into a …

The intrinsic compliance of soft robots provides safety, a natural adaptation to its
environment, allows to absorb shocks, and protects them against mechanical impacts …

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting has recently advanced as an important tool to
produce viable constructs that can be used for regenerative purposes or as tissue models …

Abstract 4D printing has attracted tremendous interest since its first conceptualization in
2013. 4D printing derived from the fast growth and interdisciplinary research of smart …

Abstract 3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to
impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and …

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), unlike typical thermosets or other covalently
crosslinked networks, possess a unique, often dormant ability to activate one or more forms …