Estimating available nutrients and pH in soils has been considered an essential step to
improve soil fertility for better crop growth and yield. Classical or conventional laboratory …

The timely diagnosis of plant-available soil nutrient contents is crucial in enhancing
agricultural intensification and bridging yield gaps. There is a global demand for a practical …

In recent decades, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, data mining, and
cloud computing, new chemometric methods have sprung up and become one of the fastest …

Abstract Visible–near-infrared–shortwave-infrared (VNIR–SWIR) spectroscopy is one of the
most promising sensing techniques to meet ever-growing demands for soil information and …

Spectral techniques such as visible-to-near-infrared (VIS–NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR)
spectroscopies have been regarded as effective alternatives to laboratory-based methods …

External factors including moisture content negatively affect the prediction accuracy of soil
organic carbon (SOC) using on-line visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. This …

Precision agriculture (PA) is an integrated solution to optimize the application of farming
inputs site-specifically to increase crops efficiency, reduce resources consumption, and …

Smart agriculture, with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI), is playing a pivotal role to ensure
agriculture sustainability. AI techniques are employed in soil and irrigation management …

Classifying soil texture is critical to investigate soil processes and functions influencing
agronomic decisions and environmental stewardship. Despite the multiple benefits together …

Soil fertility index (SFI) is commonly used for soil fertility assessment, which is critical for
managing in-field variabilities and maximizing crop production with minimum environmental …