CREB and its close relatives are now widely accepted as prototypical stimulus-inducible
transcription factors. In many cell types, these factors function as effector molecules that …

▪ Abstract Extracellular stimuli elicit changes in gene expression in target cells by activating
intracellular protein kinase cascades that phosphorylate transcription factors within the …

Abstract GLYCOGEN synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) 1 is implicated in the regulation of several
physiological processes, including the control of glycogen2 and protein3 synthesis by …

Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at
night under normal environmental conditions. The endogenous rhythm of secretion is …

This article reviews findings up to the end of 1997 about the inducible transcription factors
(ITFs) c-Jun, JunB, JunD, c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, Fra-2, Krox-20 (Egr-2) and Krox-24 (NGFI-A …

Descriptions of the pineal gland date back to antiquity, but its functions in humans are still
poorly understood. In both diurnal and nocturnal vertebrates, its main product, the hormone …

Melatonin, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland, displays characteristic daily
and seasonal patterns of secretion. These robust and predictable rhythms in circulating …

Daily rhythms in physiological and behavioral processes are controlled by a network of
circadian clocks, reset by inputs and delivering circadian signals to the brain and peripheral …

The human pineal gland is a neuroendocrine transducer that forms an integral part of the
brain. Through the nocturnally elevated synthesis and release of the neurohormone …

A remarkably constant feature of vertebrate physiology is a daily rhythm of melatonin in the
circulation, which serves as the hormonal signal of the daily light/dark cycle: melatonin …