Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly
attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the major pathogens
implicated in human opportunistic infection and a common cause of clinically persistent …

Antibiotic treatment, the mainstay for the control of bacterial infections, is greatly hampered
by the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) …

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has drawn increasing attention from the
scientific society for its potential to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and …

The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to
such a degree that often the term “post-antibiotic era” is applied to describe the situation …

Antibiotics have increasingly lost their impact to kill bacteria efficiently during the last 10
years. The emergence and dissemination of superbugs with resistance to multiple antibiotic …

Riboflavin, or more commonly known as vitamin B2, forms part of the component of vitamin B
complex. Riboflavin consisting of two important cofactors, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and …

The emergence of microbial resistance is becoming a global problem in clinical and
environmental areas. As such, the development of drugs with novel modes of action will be …

The growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has brought with it a continual
increase in the numbers of deaths from multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Since the …

Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (aPDI) is an excellent method to destroy
antibiotic-resistant microbial isolates. The use of an exogenous photosensitizer or irradiation …