The efficacy of an antiretroviral (ARV) treatment regimen depends on the activity of the
regimen's individual ARV drugs and the number of HIV-1 mutations required for the …

Currently, it is estimated that 1–2 million people worldwide are infected with HIV-2,
accounting for 3–5% of the global burden of HIV. The course of HIV-2 infection is longer …

Currently, five NNRTIs have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)
for the clinical treatment of AIDS, ie, nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, etravirine, and …

4′-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is the most potent nucleoside analog
inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). It retains a 3′-OH yet acts as a chain-terminating …

Viral RNA genomes are modified by epitranscriptomic marks, including 2′-O-methylation
that is added by cellular or viral methyltransferases. 2′-O-Methylation modulates RNA …

The natural phenomenon of drug resistance is a widespread issue that hampers the
performance of drugs in many major clinical indications. Antibacterial and antifungal drugs …

Impacts of mutations at position E138 (A/G/K/Q/R/V) alone or in combination with M184I in
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were investigated. We also determined why E138K is the …

Propolis (bee glue) a product of Apis mellifera L. is a resinous mixture containing chiefly
beeswax and resin harvested by bees from plant leaves, buds and exudates. Extracts of a …

The HIV-1 genomic RNA reverse transcription is an essential step in the virus cycle carried
out by the viral-coded reverse transcriptase (RT), which has two associated functions: the …

Rilpivirine (RPV) is a second generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor
(NNRTI) that efficiently inhibits HIV-1 resistant to first generation NNRTIs. Virological failure …