In order to reduce risk and increase resilience of transportation tunnels, the early-phase
detection and protection of fire are of great significance for the safety assessment of tunnel …

Full-scale burning tests were conducted in a long corridor to study the variations in smoke
temperature and velocity. The results were compared with the expressions proposed in the …

The effect of tunnel slope on the fire induced hot gas temperature profile beneath the ceiling
has not been clarified nor included in existing models. Thus, in this paper experiments are …

The paper focuses on the flow structures and mass flow rates of thermally driven smoke
flows induced by fires in long transportation tunnels under natural ventilation. The important …

This paper has analyzed the effect of stack effect on natural ventilation with increasing shaft
height in urban road tunnel fires by Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Results have shown that it …

A model of a tunnel fire is proposed to describe the behavior of the fire gases spreading in
opposite direction to a fresh air current induced by tunnel ventilation. In particular, the model …

A set of burning experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of vertical shaft height
on natural ventilation in urban road tunnel fires. Two special phenomena, plug-holing and …

Railroad transportation has been widely adopted and developed in recent years. In
particular, many railroads have been built on complex terrains such as plateaus and …

The ceiling gas temperature is an important evaluation indicator for determining tunnel fire
hazards. The maximum and longitudinal distributions of the ceiling gas temperature are …

Most devices associated with measures to detect and suppress fires in the built environment
(eg, commercial or modern residential buildings) are located near ceiling surfaces. The gas …