Madagascar's biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We
review the current state of knowledge on Madagascar's past and current terrestrial and …

The upper rio Paraná basin drains the most developed and environmentally degraded
region in South America: the Brazilian southeast. While it is one of the most well-known …

Mountains are arguably Earth's most striking features. They play a major role in determining
global and regional climates, are the source of most rivers, act as cradles, barriers and …

Marine biogeographic realms have been inferred from small groups of species in particular
environments (eg, coastal, pelagic), without a global map of realms based on statistical …

Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of biota in the tropical Andes is a major
challenge, given the region's topographic complexity and high beta diversity. We used a …

Biodiversity is declining globally, yet many biodiversity hotspots still lack comprehensive
species conservation assessments. Using multiple International Union for Conservation of …

Summary Oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae) are the dominant tree genus of North America in
species number and biomass, and Mexico is a global center of oak diversity. Understanding …

Abstract Aim The Brazilian campo rupestre is a vegetation associated to ancient
mountaintops in eastern South America, spread mainly over disjunct areas of the Espinhaço …

Background Understanding the patterns of biodiversity distribution and what influences them
is a fundamental pre-requisite for effective conservation and sustainable utilisation of …

The distribution of living organisms on Earth is spatially structured. Early biogeographers
identified the existence of multiple zoogeographical regions, characterized by faunas with …