Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Non-invasive drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a significant
advancement in treating neurological diseases. The BBB is a tightly packed layer of …

Drug delivery to the brain is crucial in the treatment for central nervous system disorders.
While significant progress has been made in recent years, there are still major challenges in …

Abstract Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system is one of the microfluidic
technologies defined as the adaptation, miniaturization, integration, and automation of …

As a highly selective and semi-permeable barrier that separates the circulating blood from
the brain and central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical …

Retinal diseases are a rising concern as major causes of blindness in an aging society;
therapeutic options are limited, and the precise pathogenesis of these diseases remains …

Neurovascular unit (NVU) inflammation via activation of glial cells and neuronal damage
plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Though the exact mechanism of disease …

The limitations of conventional animal tests and two-dimensional cell culture hinder their
advancement in fundamental research and clinical/translational applications. As an …

Brain tumors represent the leading cause of disease-related mortality and morbidity in
children, with effective treatments urgently required. One factor limiting the effectiveness of …

A great progress has been made in the development and use of lab-on-a-chip devices to
model and study the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the last decade. We present the main …