Abstract The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology. org) is a
comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins …

Multivalent proteins and nucleic acids, collectively referred to as multivalent associative
biomacromolecules, provide the driving forces for the formation and compositional …

Abstract The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology. org) is a
comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins …

Intrinsically disordered protein regions exist in a collection of dynamic interconverting
conformations that lack a stable 3D structure. These regions are structurally heterogeneous …

Membraneless organelles (MLOs) are detected in cells as dots of mesoscopic size. By
undergoing phase separation into a liquid-like or gel-like phase, MLOs contribute to …

The discovery of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription
(STAT) pathway arose from investigations of how cells respond to interferons (IFNs) …

Macromolecular phase separation is being recognized for its potential importance and
relevance as a driver of spatial organization within cells. Here, we describe a framework …

Proteins and nucleic acids can phase-separate in the cell to form concentrated biomolecular
condensates,,–. The functions of condensates span many length scales: they modulate …

Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification that is catalysed by a small
number of modifying enzymes but regulates thousands of target proteins in a dynamic …

Components of transcriptional machinery are selectively partitioned into specific
condensates, often mediated by protein disorder, yet we know little about how this specificity …