The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

While the history of neuroimmunology is long, the explicit study of neuroimmune
communication, and particularly the role of catecholamines in neuroimmunity, is still …

The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells,
interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades …

Background: In the combination antiretroviral therapy era, HIV-associated neurocognitive
disorder (HAND) is still widespread among HIV-infected individuals. However, there is no …

The increased incidence of multimorbidities and polypharmacy is a major concern,
particularly in the growing aging population. While polypharmacy can be beneficial, in many …

The roles of astrocytes as reservoirs and producers of a subset of viral proteins in the HIV
infected brain have been studied extensively as a key to understanding HIV-associated …

For decades, the interactions between the peripheral immune system and the brain have
played a key role in disease. However, the molecular, biochemical, and cellular interactions …

The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine is classically known for regulation of central
nervous system (CNS) functions such as reward, movement, and cognition. Increasing …

Over 38 million people are infected with HIV-1 worldwide and in the past four decades of the
HIV-1 pandemic there have been numerous failures and successes. Most notably, the …

Up to 50% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV (PLWH) suffer from
some form of neuroHIV, the collection of distinct neuropathologies and neurocognitive …