Emotional arousal enhances perception and memory of high-priority information but impairs
processing of other information. Here, we propose that, under arousal, local glutamate levels …

The ascending fibers releasing norepinephrine and acetylcholine are highly active during
wakefulness. In contrast, during rapid-eye-movement sleep, the neocortical tone is …

The GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model proposes that local glutamate–
norepinephrine interactions enable “winner-take-more” effects in perception and memory …

Within a Predictive Coding approach, the arousal/norepinephrine effects described by the
GANE model seem to modulate the precision attributed to Prediction Errors, favoring the …

Arousal is typically conceived as a key component of emotional response. We describe here
the psychological processes thought to elicit arousal–in particular, the processes involved in …

In an adaptive memory system, events should be prioritized in memory based on their own
significance, as well as the significance of preceding or following events. Here we argue that …

Previous work has suggested that an interaction between local selective (eg, glutamatergic)
excitation and global gain modulation (via norepinephrine) amplifies selectivity in …

The GANE model proposed by Mather et al. attempts to explain how norepinephrine
enhances processing in highly activated brain regions. Careful perusal of the sparse data …

Bodily arousal modulates stimulus processing and memory, contributing to expression of
emotional salience. The 'glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects'(GANE) model proposed …

We summarize evidence that input to the apical tufts of neocortical pyramidal cells
modulates their response to basal input. Because this apical amplification and …