Animals and plants are metaorganisms and associate with microbes that affect their
physiology, stress tolerance, and fitness. Here the hypothesis that alteration of the …

The symbiotic association between the coral animal and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellate
partner Symbiodinium is central to the success of corals. However, an array of other …

The apparent ability of corals to acquire and maintain enhanced stress tolerance through a
dose-dependent environmental memory, which may persist for multiple years, has critical …

Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted
as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual …

Mass coral bleaching events caused by elevated seawater temperatures result in extensive
coral loss throughout the tropics, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity. If …

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to
climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the …

Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits
provide a strong link to an organism's function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead …

The ability of coral reefs to survive the projected increases in temperature due to global
warming will depend largely on the ability of corals to adapt or acclimatize to increased …

Mutualistic organisms can be particularly susceptible to climate change stress, as their
survivorship is often limited by the most vulnerable partner. However, symbiotic plasticity can …

Coral thermal tolerance is strongly influenced by the identity of obligate photosymbionts,
which encompass numerous types belonging to the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium …