The Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean is influenced by vigorous inflows of Atlantic Water.
The high-latitude impacts of these inflows have strengthened owing to climate change …

Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leads to a rise in the temperature of the Earth's oceans. These gases act as …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is
associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic-and Pacific-origin waters and …

Abstract Changes in the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere and Ocean are drastically altering
the dynamics of phytoplankton, the base of marine ecosystems. This Review addresses four …

The geographic distributions of marine species are changing rapidly, with leading range
edges following climate poleward, deeper, and in other directions and trailing range edges …

Ecological networks have a long history in ecology, and a recent increase in network
analyses across environmental gradients has revealed important changes in their structure …

Climate change is asymmetrically altering environmental conditions in space, from local to
global scales, creating novel heterogeneity. Here, we argue that this novel heterogeneity will …

The global climate has been changing over the last century due to greenhouse gas
emissions and will continue to change over this century, accelerating without effective global …

Climate change triggers poleward shifts in species distribution leading to changes in
biogeography. In the marine environment, fish respond quickly to warming, causing …