This review presents principles and novelties in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC)
technology, as well as application for optical monitoring of drug delivery and effective …

Objectives We aimed to determine the aetiologic agent responsible for black staining of
permanent dentition using next-generation sequencing and determine the relationship …

In order to evaluate risk factors related to the presence of extrinsic dental black stain, a total
of 94 orally healthy volunteers (47 individuals with dental black stain and 47 individuals …

Extrinsic black dental staining is an external dental discoloration of bacterial origin,
considered a special form of dental plaque. Currently, there is no definitive therapeutic …

Objective Black stain (BS) is an extrinsic dental discoloration particularly difficult to treat.
Although its etiology is not fully clear yet, chromogenic bacteria inside the oral cavity seem to …

Black stain is a type of extrinsic discoloration of the tooth on the gingival margin. Black stain
is hard to be wiped off by daily cleaning via toothbrushing, and tends to recurred after …

Extrinsic black tooth stain is defined as dark pigmented extrinsic substance in lines or dots
parallel to the third cervical line of the tooth crown in the primary and permanent teeth. It is …

The treatment of black stains has always been a grey area for the dentists to deal with due to
its recurrence. The more effective treatments in current literature are lactoferrin, diode laser …

Após a conclusão do tratamento ortodôntico, os pacientes começam a se preocupar com
outros fatores estéticos para garantir um sorriso harmonioso, sendo mais exigentes com a …

Conclusion: PDEN has a high prevalence in primary and mixed dentition. The buffering
capacity and higher calcium concentration of saliva may well explain the fact that people …