Bone apatite is not hydroxyapatite (HAp), it is carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), which contains 6–
9 mass% carbonate in an apatitic structure. The CO3Ap block cannot be fabricated by …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are fundamental to the generation of the body's blood and
immune cells. They reside primarily within the bone marrow (BM) niche microenvironment …

The pore architecture of scaffolds is a critical factor for angiogenesis and bone regeneration.
Although the effects of scaffold macropore size have been investigated, most scaffolds …

Barrier membrane-free guided bone regeneration (GBR) with a synthetic scaffold may
resolve the current challenges in vertical bone augmentation. To realize such GBR, we …

The reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects is a key challenge in orthopedics
because of its intractability despite technological advancements. To overcome this …

Although the channel architecture of a scaffold is critical for bone regeneration, little is
known for the channel direction. In this study, four types of carbonate apatite cylindrical …

The scaffold chemical composition and pore architecture are critical for successful bone
regeneration. Although the effects of chemical composition, micron-scale pores, and …

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a severe complication associated with orthopedic bone
reconstruction. For both infection prevention and bone regeneration, the framework surface …

The aging population has rapidly driven the demand for bone regeneration. The pore
structure of a scaffold is a critical factor that affects its mechanical strength and bone …

Reconstruction of critical-sized defects (CSDs) in bone shafts remains a major challenge in
orthopedics. Honeycomb (HC) scaffolds are considered promising as their uniaxial channels …