Background Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus with an enzootic cycle between birds and
mosquitoes; humans are incidental dead-end hosts. In Europe, the virus was first detected in …

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential. Due to the
recent climate and environmental changes, they are spreading across Europe, becoming a …

Background West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are emerging arthropod-borne
viruses (arboviruses) in Europe transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. In Belgium, it is currently …

The past three decades have seen an increasing number of emerging arthropod-borne
viruses in temperate regions This process is ongoing, driven by human activities such as …

Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging zoonotic virus transmitted primarily by Culex
mosquitoes. Since its introduction into Europe from Africa during the late 20th century, it has …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus which is emerging across Europe,
largely due to climate and other environmental changes. Detection of WNV at increasingly …

Purpose The rising burden of mosquito-borne diseases in Europe extends beyond urban
areas, encompassing rural and semi-urban regions near managed and natural wetlands …

Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus transmitted to avian species through mosquito bites that
causes mass mortalities in wild and captive bird populations. However, several cases of …

The emergence of several zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogens in Europe, including West
Nile virus, Sindbis virus and Usutu virus, has emphasised the importance of consistent …

Routes of virus transmission between hosts are key to understanding viral epidemiology.
Different routes have large effects on viral ecology, and likelihood and rate of transmission; …