In comparison with the major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) of typical mammals, the
chicken MHC is simple and compact with a single dominantly expressed class I molecule …

Hepaciviruses and pegiviruses constitute two closely related sister genera of the family
Flaviviridae. In the past five years, the known phylogenetic diversity of the hepacivirus …

Proposals are described for the assignment of recently reported viruses, infecting rodents,
bats and other mammalian species, to new species within the Hepacivirus and Pegivirus …

Introduction microorganisms and macrohistory one of the chief blessings of living in the
modern world is supposed to be that the risk of dying from an infectious disease has become …

Estimating viral timescales is fundamental in understanding the evolutionary biology of
viruses. Molecular clocks are widely used to reveal the recent evolutionary histories of …

Rodents (order Rodentia), followed by bats (order Chiroptera), comprise the largest
percentage of living mammals on earth. Thus, it is not surprising that these two orders …

Hepatitis viruses are major threats to human health. During the last decade, highly diverse
viruses related to human hepatitis viruses were found in animals other than primates …

The high genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has led to the emergence of eight
genotypes and a large number of subtypes in limited geographical areas. Currently …

About 270 viruses are known to infect humans. Some of these viruses have been known for
centuries, whereas others have recently emerged. During their evolutionary history, humans …

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen. Genetically related viruses in
animals suggest a zoonotic origin of HCV. The closest relative of HCV is found in horses …