Approximately 70 percent of the world's population is concentrated in the coastal
borderlands, which geologists recognize to be the present continental margins. This new …

Studies of free oscillations and body wave travel times have established that the one‐way
vertical S wave travel times through the upper mantle average about 5 s greater for oceans …

This enduringly popular undergraduate textbook has been thoroughly reworked and
updated, and now comprises twelve chapters covering the same breadth of topics as earlier …

This hands-on introduction to numerical geodynamic modelling provides a solid grounding
in the necessary mathematical theory and techniques, including continuum mechanics and …

When crust thickens during crustal shortening, the underlying mantle lithosphere must
shorten and thicken also, causing the submersion of cold, dense material into the …

Geoid anomalies are primarily the result of the density contrasts driving mantle convection
and plate motion. The total geoid anomaly resulting from a given density contrast in a …

We report a systematic study on the conditions under which an endothermic phase transition
can enforce layered convection. Two‐dimensional numerical calculations of convection in a …

The olivine (α)‐modified spinel (β)‐spinel (γ) transitions in the system Mg2SiO4‐Fe2SiO4
were studied by high‐temperature solution calorimetry. Enthalpies of the β‐γ and a α‐γ …

Coefficients of a spherical harmonic expansion, up to angular order 3, of velocity anomalies
in five shells within the earth's mantle were obtained from an analysis of nearly 700,000 P …

The seismic velocity anomalies resolved by seismic tomography are associated with
variations in density that lead to convective flow and to dynamically maintained topography …