Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR-Cas systems

K Chylinski, KS Makarova, E Charpentier… - Nucleic acids …, 2014‏ - academic.oup.com
The CRISPR-Cas systems of archaeal and bacterial adaptive immunity are classified into
three types that differ by the repertoires of CRISPR-associated (cas) genes, the organization …

Comparative genomics of defense systems in archaea and bacteria

KS Makarova, YI Wolf, EV Koonin - Nucleic acids research, 2013‏ - academic.oup.com
Our knowledge of prokaryotic defense systems has vastly expanded as the result of
comparative genomic analysis, followed by experimental validation. This expansion is both …

Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity

SA Shah, S Erdmann, FJM Mojica, RA Garrett - RNA biology, 2013‏ - Taylor & Francis
Protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) were originally characterized for CRISPR-Cas systems
that were classified on the basis of their CRISPR repeat sequences. A few short 2–5 bp …

Processing-independent CRISPR RNAs limit natural transformation in Neisseria meningitidis

Y Zhang, N Heidrich, BJ Ampattu, CW Gunderson… - Molecular cell, 2013‏ - cell.com
CRISPR interference confers adaptive, sequence-based immunity against viruses and
plasmids and is specified by CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that are transcribed and processed …

The CRISPRs, they are a-changin': how prokaryotes generate adaptive immunity

ER Westra, DC Swarts, RHJ Staals… - Annual review of …, 2012‏ - annualreviews.org
All organisms need to continuously adapt to changes in their environment. Through
horizontal gene transfer, bacteria and archaea can rapidly acquire new traits that may …

Harnessing Type I and Type III CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing

Y Li, S Pan, Y Zhang, M Ren, M Feng… - Nucleic acids …, 2016‏ - academic.oup.com
CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-
associated) systems are widespread in archaea and bacteria, and research on their …

[HTML][HTML] Structure and activity of the RNA-targeting Type III-B CRISPR-Cas complex of Thermus thermophilus

RHJ Staals, Y Agari, S Maki-Yonekura, Y Zhu… - Molecular cell, 2013‏ - cell.com
The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic host defense system against genetic elements.
The Type III-B CRISPR-Cas system of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus, the TtCmr …

A novel interference mechanism by a type IIIB CRISPR‐Cmr module in Sulfolobus

L Deng, RA Garrett, SA Shah, X Peng… - Molecular …, 2013‏ - Wiley Online Library
Recent studies on CRISPR‐based adaptive immune systems have revealed extensive
structural and functional diversity of the interference complexes which often coexist …

Function and regulation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) systems

C Richter, JT Chang, PC Fineran - Viruses, 2012‏ - mdpi.com
Phages are the most abundant biological entities on earth and pose a constant challenge to
their bacterial hosts. Thus, bacteria have evolved numerous 'innate'mechanisms of defense …

Not all predicted CRISPR–Cas systems are equal: isolated cas genes and classes of CRISPR like elements

Q Zhang, Y Ye - BMC bioinformatics, 2017‏ - Springer
Abstract Background The CRISPR–Cas systems in prokaryotes are RNA-guided immune
systems that target and deactivate foreign nucleic acids. A typical CRISPR–Cas system …