It is well-known that Charles Darwin sketched abstract trees of relationship in his 1837
notebook, and depicted a tree in the Origin of Species (1859). Here I attempt to place …

The long-awaited revision of the industry standard on phylogenetics Since the publication of
the first edition of this landmark volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic …

Over the past decade, it has been discovered that disparate aspects of morphology–often of
distantly related groups of organisms–are regulated by the same genetic regulatory …

Understanding the history and philosophy of biological systematics (phylogenetics,
taxonomy and classification of living things) is key to successful practice of the discipline. In …

To unravel the complex shared history of the Earth and its life forms, biogeographers
analyze patterns of biodiversity, species distribution, and geological history. So far, the field …

The success of character‐based DNA barcoding depends on the efficient identification of
diagnostic character states from molecular sequences that have been organized …

Comparative biology became overtly evolutionary in the mid-19th century following
acceptance of the ideas of Charles Darwin by Ernst Haeckel. During the next 100 years …

No matter how one wishes to define it, much of the study of evolution is as a historical
science. The origin of life on planet Earth happened once, or once at least as we suspect. At …

Abundant fossil material of extinct brachyurans has revealed morphological details hitherto
rarely used inpalaeontological studies. Detailed comparisons between extant and extinct …

Homology in cladistics is reviewed. The definition of important terms is explicated in
historical context. Homology is not synonymous with synapomorphy: it includes …