Exhumed fault zones offer insights into deformation processes associated with earthquakes
in unparalleled spatial resolution; however it can be difficult to differentiate seismic slip from …

Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material has become the most used
geothermometer in Earth science studies. However, its application in very different settings …

Organic compounds, which on Earth originate mainly through biological activity, are
transformed under the physical conditions of Earth's crust, with the end product being …

Natural faults feature heterogeneities in geometry, material properties, and stress
distributions, posing great challenges in predicting fault slip behaviors. Among these factors …

The formation of major exhumed strike-slip faults represents one of the most important
dynamic processes affecting the evolution of the Earth's lithosphere. Detailed models of the …

Rate-and-state friction (RSF) is commonly used for the characterisation of laboratory friction
experiments, such as velocity-step tests. However, the RSF framework provides little …

Typical rocks at shallow depths of seismogenic faults are fluid-rich gouges. During
earthquakes, on-fault frictional heating may trigger thermal pressurization and dynamic fault …

Faults can represent adverse geological conditions that frequently cause the jamming of
tunnel boring machines (TBMs). In this study, we present a case study of TBM jamming at …

This paper reviews 19 apparatuses having high-velocity capabilities, describes a rotary-
shear low to high-velocity friction apparatus installed at Institute of Geology, China …

Abstract Knowledge of the shear stress on a fault during slip is necessary for a physically-
based understanding of earthquakes. Borehole temperature measurements inside the fault …