Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

The mitochondrial (mt) genome is, to date, the most extensively studied genomic system in
insects, outnumbering nuclear genomes tenfold and representing all orders versus very few …

Shifts in phenology are already resulting in disruptions to the timing of migration and
breeding, and asynchronies between interacting species,,,–. Recent syntheses have …

Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many
major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein …

Insects comprise over half of all described animal species. Together with the Protura
(coneheads), Collembola (springtails) and Diplura (two-pronged bristletails), insects form …

Termites have colonized many habitats and are among the most abundant animals in
tropical ecosystems, which they modify considerably through their actions. The timing of their …

The olfactory sense detects a plethora of behaviorally relevant odor molecules; gene
families involved in olfaction exhibit high diversity in different animal phyla. Insects detect …

The factors determining gradients of biodiversity are a fundamental yet unresolved topic in
ecology. While diversity gradients have been analysed for numerous single taxa, progress …

The Arthropoda is here estimated to have 1,302,809 described species, including 45,769
fossil species (the diversity of fossil taxa is here underestimated for many taxa of the …

Understanding the origin and diversification of organisms requires a good phylogenetic
estimate of their age and diversification rates. This estimate can be difficult to obtain when …