The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

The breakup of Pangea in the Jurassic saw the opening of major ocean basins at the
expense of older Tethyan and Pacific oceanic plates. Although the Tethyan seafloor …

The origins of ultralow velocity zones, small-scale structures with extremely low seismic
velocities found near the core–mantle boundary, remain poorly understood. One hypothesis …

Plumes of hot upwelling rock rooted in the deep mantle have been proposed as a possible
origin of hotspot volcanoes, but this idea is the subject of vigorous debate,. On the basis of …

The radially anisotropic shear velocity structure of the Earth's mantle provides a critical
window on the interior dynamics of the planet, with isotropic variations that are interpreted in …

Large numbers of earthquakes occur in subduction zones that are marked by dip**,
narrow high seismic velocity slabs. The existence of these fast velocity slabs can cause …

We present a new global thermochemical model of the lithosphere and underlying upper
mantle constrained by state of the art seismic waveform inversion, satellite gravity (geoid …

Ultralow velocity zones revealed by seismological observations at the core–mantle
boundary lend clues to the physico-chemical characteristics and dynamic evolution of the …

Detailed global plate motion models that provide a continuous description of plate
boundaries through time are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the …

In global-scale seismic tomography, teleseismic P and PP waves mainly constrain structures
in the upper two thirds of the mantle, whereas core-diffracted waves (Pdiff) constrain the …