Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia …

Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has
revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from …

Anticancer immunotherapies involving the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive
cellular transfer have emerged as new therapeutic pillars within oncology. These treatments …

Targeting nucleotide metabolism can not only inhibit tumor initiation and progression but
also exert serious side effects. With in-depth studies of nucleotide metabolism, our …

Simple Summary The tumor immune escape mechanisms are key factors in cancer
progression and metastasis. They are an undeniable hurdle for successful cancer treatment …

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the
enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many cancers
are resistant to ICIs, and the targeting of additional inhibitory signals is crucial for limiting …

T cells play a critical role in cancer control, but a range of potent immunosuppressive
mechanisms can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to abrogate their …

While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic
metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Despite the success of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), anti-PD1 ligand 1
(PDL1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) therapies in advanced cancer, a …