Ecologically mediated selection against hybrids, caused by hybrid phenotypes fitting poorly
into available niches, is typically viewed as distinct from selection caused by epistatic …

Observations about the number, frequency, effect size, and genomic distribution of alleles
associated with complex traits must be interpreted in light of evolutionary process. These …

The rediscovery of Mendel's work showing that the heredity of phenotypes is controlled by
discrete genes was followed by the reconciliation of Mendelian genetics with evolution by …

The repeated adaptation of oceanic threespine sticklebacks to fresh water has made it a
premier organism to study parallel evolution. These small fish have multiple distinct …

Similar forms often evolve repeatedly in nature, raising long-standing questions about the
underlying mechanisms. Here, we use repeated evolution in stickleback to identify a large …

Adaptation to new environments often occurs in the face of gene flow. Under these
conditions, gene flow and recombination can impede adaptation by breaking down linkage …

Local adaptation leads to differences between populations within a species. In many
systems, similar environmental contrasts occur repeatedly, sometimes driving parallel …

A substantial part of biodiversity is thought to have arisen from adaptive radiations in which
one lineage rapidly diversified into multiple lineages specialized to many different niches …

Parallelism, the evolution of similar traits in populations diversifying in similar conditions,
provides strong evidence of adaptation by natural selection. Many studies of parallelism …

Comparative studies of hominids have long sought to identify mutational events that shaped
the evolution of the human nervous system. However, functional genetic differences are …