Abstract Purpose of Review Biomarkers are commonly used in epidemiological studies to
assess metals and metalloid exposure and estimate internal dose, as they integrate multiple …

Background Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures is associated with adverse pregnancy and
birth outcomes like low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. However …

Background It is well-documented that heavy metals are associated with cardiovascular
disease (CVD). However, there is few studies exploring effect of metal mixture on CVD …

Background In previous studies, exposures to heavy metals such as Pb and Cd have been
associated with adverse birth outcomes; however, knowledge on effects at low levels of …

The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is
considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have …

Recent evidence from laboratory and epidemiologic studies has shed a different light on
selenium health effects and its recommended range of environmental exposure, compared …

Introduction Exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals are prevalent among
pregnant women and may be associated with altered fetal growth and gestational age. To …

Trace elements have various physiochemical functions in humans and are associated with
the occurrence of preterm birth (PB). However, their mixed effects on PB risk have rarely …

Preterm birth is the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age.
The etiology of preterm birth has not yet been elucidated. Although maternal exposure to …

Preeclampsia and preterm birth are among the most common pregnancy complications and
are the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the United States …